10 research outputs found
Improving circuit miniaturization and its efficiency using Rough Set Theory
High-speed, accuracy, meticulousness and quick response are notion of the
vital necessities for modern digital world. An efficient electronic circuit
unswervingly affects the maneuver of the whole system. Different tools are
required to unravel different types of engineering tribulations. Improving the
efficiency, accuracy and low power consumption in an electronic circuit is
always been a bottle neck problem. So the need of circuit miniaturization is
always there. It saves a lot of time and power that is wasted in switching of
gates, the wiring-crises is reduced, cross-sectional area of chip is reduced,
the number of transistors that can implemented in chip is multiplied many
folds. Therefore to trounce with this problem we have proposed an Artificial
intelligence (AI) based approach that make use of Rough Set Theory for its
implementation. Theory of rough set has been proposed by Z Pawlak in the year
1982. Rough set theory is a new mathematical tool which deals with uncertainty
and vagueness. Decisions can be generated using rough set theory by reducing
the unwanted and superfluous data. We have condensed the number of gates
without upsetting the productivity of the given circuit. This paper proposes an
approach with the help of rough set theory which basically lessens the number
of gates in the circuit, based on decision rules.Comment: The International Conference on Machine Intelligence Research and
Advancement,ICMIRA-201
PARTICIPATION OF TRIBAL WOMEN IN DIFFERENT FARM ACTIVITIES IN KISHANGANJ DISTRICT OF BIHAR
The present study was conducted in Kishanganj District of Bihar to find out the participation of tribal women in various farm activities. A total of 124 respondents were selected randomly for the present study. The data were collected through a pre-structured interview schedule and later appropriate statistical analysis was done to find out the meaningful result. The results showed that the tribal women were engaged in almost all the farming activities like preparation of field, sowing of seeds, transplantation, weeding, manureing, harvesting, threshing, winnowing, storage of grains ,marketing, disposal of farm produce etc. however, they were actively participating in farm activities like, transplantation, weeding, raising of nurseries, preparation of field, storage of grains , cleaning and grading etc but they were having less participation in farm activities like, threshing, plant protection measures, fertilizer and pesticide application, marketing etc. The maximum extent of their participation found in transplanting having mean score 2.88 (rank Ⅰ), followed by harvesting having mean score 2.87 (rank Ⅱ).
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DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i5.00
Gold Nanoparticles and Plant Pathogens: An Overview and Prospective for Biosensing in Forestry
Plant diseases and their diagnoses are currently one of the global challenges and cause significant impact to the economy of farmers and industries depending on plant-based products. Plant pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and pollution caused by the nanomaterial, as well as other important elements of pollution, are the main reason for the loss of plants in agriculture and in forest ecosystems. Presently, various techniques are used to detect pathogens in trees, which includes DNA-based techniques, as well as other microscopy based identification and detection. However, these methodologies require complex instruments and time. Lately, nanomaterial-based new biosensing systems for early detection of diseases, with specificity and sensitivity, are developed and applied. This review highlights the nanomaterial-based biosensing methods of disease detection. Precise and time effective identification of plant pathogens will help to reduce losses in agriculture and forestry. This review focuses on various plant diseases and the requirements for a reliable, fast, and cost-effective testing method, as well as new biosensing technologies for the detection of diseases of field plants in forests at early stages of their growth
Experimental and computational study on flow over stepped spillway
The flow over a stepped spillway has complex nature, and its characteristics are remarkably different from other kinds of spillways. This study conducts experimental investigations and numerical simulations on the flow behavior (velocity, concentration profile) and macroscopic features (interface position and self-aeration) of water and neutrally buoyant suspension of non-colloidal particles in a stepped spillway with uniform steps. The development of nappe, transition, and skimming flow regimes is experimentally investigated by using a flow visualization technique. The inception point related to air entrainments is identified in the experimental study. The inception point usually moves downstream and increases the length of the non-aerated region with the increase of flow rate. Results of numerical and experimental studies indicate that a vortex is formed in the triangular cavity below the pseudo-bottom line (imaginary line joining two adjacent step edges) in the stepped channel. This vortex rotates in a clockwise direction for a short time period and returns to the main flow to move downward in the channel. The velocity vector map from numerical simulation predicts the maximum velocity in the middle portion of the spillway, that is, near the pseudo-bottom line. A volume of fluid model coupled with a standard k-?? turbulence model is used in the CFD simulations to predict the location of the air-water air-suspension interface. The results are compared with experimental measurements. The calculated interface position agrees well with the experimental measurements. The migration and transport of particles are evaluated based on a diffusive flux model of shear induced particle migration. The contour map for velocity and particle concentration shows a remarkable increase in particle concentration near the air-suspension interface
Fluid Flow and Particle Dynamics Inside an Evaporating Droplet Containing Live Bacteria Displaying Chemotaxis
Evaporation-induced
particle deposition patterns like coffee rings
provide easy visual identification that is beneficial for developing
inexpensive and simple diagnostic devices for detecting pathogens.
In this study, the effect of chemotaxis on such pattern formation
has been realized experimentally in drying droplets of bacterial suspensions.
We have investigated the velocity field, concentration profile, and
deposition pattern in the evaporating droplet of Escherichia
coli suspension in the presence and absence of nutrients.
Flow visualization experiments using particle image velocimetry (PIV)
were carried out with E. coli bacteria
as biological tracer particles. Experiments were conducted for suspensions
of motile (live) as well as nonmotile (dead) bacteria. In the absence
of any nutrient gradient like sugar on the substrate, both types of
bacterial suspension showed two symmetric convection cells and a ring
like deposition of particles after complete evaporation. Interestingly,
the droplet containing live bacterial suspension showed a different
velocity field when the sugar was placed at the base of the droplet.
This can be attributed to the chemoattractant nature of the sugar,
which induced chemotaxis among live bacteria targeted toward the nutrient
site. Deposition of the suspended bacteria was also displaced toward
the nutrient site as the evaporation proceeded. Our experiments demonstrate
that both velocity fields and concentration patterns can be altered
by chemotaxis to modify the pattern formation in evaporating droplet
containing live bacteria. These results highlight the role of bacterial
chemotaxis in modifying coffee ring patterns